（1） The research on ceramic bearings started relatively late in China. Currently, there are universities and institutes in China that research and develop ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings, including Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Materials, Shandong Institute of Ceramics, Guangdong University of Technology, Tianjin University, and Luoyang Institute. Domestic ceramic bearing production enterprises are mainly distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Hebei. Apart from some samples made by Luoyang Institute and Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, no industrialized enterprises have been seen yet. Compared with foreign countries, the development situation of ceramic bearings in China is not optimistic. There are almost no enterprises in China that can form an industrial scale to produce ceramic bearings. At its root, of course, it is influenced by various factors, such as technological level, talent, funding, etc., especially the unclear market and lack of confidence. There are still several problems in the current research and development of ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings in China, which seriously restrict the development of ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings in China.

（2） Problems in the research and development of domestic ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings

Firstly, the research and development of high-speed and high-precision ceramic ball bearings that we have seen so far are mainly focused on silicon nitride balls. The main problems to be solved are the research on the production of ceramic balls, as well as the research on the processing methods of high-precision ceramic balls. In terms of use, ceramic ball bearings that meet the requirements of long life or low noise are mostly used in high-speed machine tools, CNC machine tools, electric spindles, and other high-speed situations. Throughout, they have not been able to separate from the manufacturing and processing of SI3N4 ball blanks. There is still a small amount of research on new materials such as SiC, ZrO2, ZTA, Sialon, and other materials. Production practice has shown that the majority of manufacturers use ZrO2. Due to cost concerns, good materials and processes cannot be applied on a large scale A detailed comparison has been made between the low-noise, dry friction, and anti-static ceramic ball bearings produced by Hebei Haice Ceramics Co., Ltd. and the same specifications of ceramic ball bearings produced by Japan NMB Company. The difference in decibels is only 2 dB, and a good product can achieve 20dB, which is the same as foreign products. But the price is only positioned at around 15% of NMB Company. It can be directly matched with the motors of domestic household appliances. But this price is still significantly higher than ordinary bearings, and can only be used in high-end and exported household appliance motors.

Secondly, the production of ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings is the industrialization combination of high-tech ceramics and bearing manufacturing technology. If the industrial integration problem of ceramics and bearings is not solved, achieving high-quality, large-scale, low-cost production and meeting market demand is just empty talk. Nowadays, domestic enterprises that can produce bearings cannot manufacture ceramic materials, and enterprises that can produce ceramic materials cannot manufacture bearings. Currently, some bearing production enterprises have relatively little research on ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings, especially in the field of ceramic material science and engineering. People are familiar with the surface content of ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings. This has created a situation where bearings made of ceramic materials are ceramic bearings, and adding ceramic balls is a ceramic ball bearing. Domestic ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings can only be used in environments that are corrosion-resistant, electrically isolated, magnetically isolated, low speed, and light load. Another issue is that there are significant problems in the manufacturing of domestic ceramic materials, as the blind pursuit of low prices in the process and technology has not yet passed the standards, resulting in the inability to achieve the expected performance of the materials. This has led the development of ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings into a new path, and has also caused many users to lose confidence in ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings.

Furthermore, as the research and development of high-tech products, it needs to go through two stages: technology intensive investment and capital intensive investment. Industrialized production of ceramic bearings requires overcoming many technical and usage difficulties, as well as significant financial investment. It also requires grasping market positioning, and requires industry insiders to take it as their responsibility to develop domestic ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings at a high level. The competition at low prices will inevitably lead to shoddy production and further deterioration of the market. The accumulation of original capital and continuous reinvestment must serve the development of ceramic bearings and ceramic ball bearings towards higher quality fields. The current development of ceramic bearings in our country is characterized by scattered, fragmented, and small-scale localized production, lacking overall awareness and macro strategic thinking.