The crystal structure of zirconia stabilized by different stabilizers and different amounts of the same stabilizer is different. Below are several common crystal phases of zirconia.

1、 Fully Stable Zirconia (FSZ):

Adding 8% molar ratio of yttrium oxide or 15% molar ratio of calcium oxide can obtain square phase zirconia, so the system will not transform, so it is called Fully Stable Zirconia (FSZ), or square phase zirconia. Mainly used as artificial gemstones, sensing heads, refractory materials, and pigments.

2、 Partially Stable Zirconia (PSZ):

The monoclinic and square phases exhibit this structure. Due to its thermal conductivity, it is commonly used for heating and thermal conductive materials.

3、 Tetragonal zirconia or TTZ:

Adding 3% molar ratio of yttrium oxide or approximately 12% molar ratio of cerium oxide to form tetragonal zirconia is particularly suitable as a grinding material. CZY-95 (density ≥ 6.0kg/dm3), CZC-80 (density ≥ 6.2kg/dm3), and NanorZr-95B zirconia balls have become benchmark products for grinding media due to their high compressive strength and low wear rate.